Average Hemoglobin Concentration Research Articles

Evaluation of erythrocyte and reticulocyte indices in a newborn with severe hemolytic disease

Currently, significant progress has been made in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. However, the development of anemia in a newborn child due to this disease remains an urgent problem for both neonatologists and pediatricians. In such children, a comprehensive assessment of the hemogram is of particular importance. The study of erythrocyte and reticulocyte parameters of a general blood test is necessary to determine prognostic criteria for the restoration of hematopoiesis and determine the status of iron deficiency. A clinical observation of a newborn child with the development of anemia due to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is presented (clinical case). A dynamic analysis of reticulocyte parameters (absolute and relative numbers) and reticulocyte fractions was carried out. An increase in reticulocytes (absolute and relative numbers) was established, mainly due to the fraction of immature reticulocytes during the development of anemia in a newborn child. Such indicators as the hemoglobin content in reticulocytes, the average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte, the average hemoglobin concentration in an erythrocyte in a general blood test in an infant during the neonatal period remained within the reference values. The data obtained made it possible to determine a personalized approach to the treatment of anemia and avoid blood transfusion in this child.

Low Initial Cell Density Promotes the Differentiation and Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Erythrocytes.

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived red blood cells (RBCs) possess great potential for compensating shortages in transfusion medicine. For better RBC generation from hPSCs, we compared the cell seeding density in the embryoid body formation-based hPSC induction protocol. In the selection of low- and high-density inoculation conditions, we found that low-density culture performed better in the final RBC product with more cell output and increased average cellular hemoglobin content. An elaborate study using flow cytometry demonstrated that low inoculation density promoted endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, followed by improved hematopoietic progenitor formation and erythrocyte generation. The improved transformation from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidation and reduced apoptosis might be responsible for this effect. Hints from RNA sequencing suggested that molecules involved in microenvironment interaction and metabolic regulation might respond for the different developmental potential. The possible mediators between outer message and intracellular response could be the nutrition sensors FOXO, PRKAA1 (AMPK), and MTOR genes. It is possible that low inoculation density triggered metabolic regulation signals, promoted mitochondrial oxidation, and resulted in enhanced cell amplification and hematopoietic differentiation. The low cell culture density will improve RBC generation from hPSCs.

Predicting the rapid progression of mild cognitive impairment by intestinal flora and blood indicators through machine learning method.

The aim of the work was to establish a prediction model of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression based on intestinal flora by machine learning method. A total of 1013 patients were recruited, in which 87 patients with MCI finished a two-year follow-up. To establish a prediction model, 61 patients were randomly divided into a training set and 26 patients were divided into a testing set. A total of 121 features including demographic characteristics, hematological indicators, and intestinal flora abundance were analyzed. Of the 87 patients who finished a two-year follow-up, 44 presented rapid progression. Model 1 was established based on 121 features with the accuracy 85%, sensitivity 85%, and specificity 83%. Model 2 was based on the first fifteen features of Model 1, (triglyceride, uric acid, alanine transaminase, F-Clostridiaceae, G-Megamonas, S-Megamonas, G-Shigella, G-Shigella, S-Shigella, average hemoglobin concentration, G-Alistipes, S-Collinsella, median cell count, average hemoglobin volume, Low-density lipoprotein), with the accuracy 97%, sensitivity 92%, and specificity 100%. Model 3 was based on the first ten features of Model 1, with the accuracy 97%, sensitivity 86%, and specificity 100%. Other models based on the demographic characteristics, hematological indicators, or intestinal flora abundance features presented lower sensitivity and specificity. The 15 features (including intestinal flora abundance) could establish an effective model for predicting rapid MCI progression.

Referentne vrijednosti za odabrane hematološke i biokemijske parametre u pelagonijske pramenka ovce

The Ovcepolian type of Pramenka sheep is most prevalent in Pelagonia region. It is considered a valuable source of genetic diversity, characterised with a number of beneficial traits. Haematology and biochemistry measurements is important for health assessment of animals. The aim of this study was to determine the reference ranges for selected haematology and biochemistry parameters in the Pelagonian Pramenka sheep breed. The study was carried out on 55 clinically healthy, non-pregnant sheep, 1 to 3 years old, during spring season, from three different locations in the Pelagonia region, North Macedonia. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into vacuum tubes with an anticoagulant for haematological analysis and vacuum tubes free of anticoagulant for biochemical analysis. Reference values may be more adequate as it is later, for biochemistry parameters. Reference values for hematology parameters were: leukocytes, lymphocytes, midsize cells, cells correlating to monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, blasts and other precursor white cells, granulocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocytes, erythrocyte indices (average volume per litre, average haemoglobin in erythrocytes, average haemoglobin concentration per litre, and platelets). Reference values for biochemistry parameters were: total proteins, albumins, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, HDL-cholesterol LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and the concentrations of calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate. Most obtained values were comparable to other strains of Pramenka sheep. There was a clear deviation of certain reference values compared to the literature. Further analysis should be conducted to determine the reference values in rams and lambs.

A novel formula of herbal extracts regulates growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota and resistance against Aeromonas veronii in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

In this study, a novel herbal extracts formula (HE) comprising Scutellaria baicalensis, Taraxacum mongolicum, Biancaea sappan and Pulsatilla chinensis extract with a weight ratio of 3.0: 1.8: 3.0: 1.7, was selected based on bacteriostatic test in vitro. Subsequently, a 30-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary HE (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00%, respectively) inclusion on the performance of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The results unveiled that dietary HE 0.10% and HE 0.50% inclusion notably increased the specific growth rate (SGR) and antioxidant enzyme (SOD and GPX) activities in the intestine and liver of fish (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significantly greater height of villi and width of villi were observed in the HE 0.50% and HE 0.10% groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Conversely, histological examination indicated that dietary HE1.00% inclusion led to discernible injury to the intestines, with certain villi displaying breakage and shedding. Hematological parameters including white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) were significantly increased, while the erythrocyte indices including average cellular hemoglobin (MCH), and average cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) remarkably decreased in fish fed HE inclusion compared to the basal diet. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis demonstrated that Cetobacterium, Aeromonas and Plesiomonas were the three dominant species in the intestines regardless of diet. Additionally, the LEfSe analysis revealed that Aeromonas was the most affected taxon, which significantly decreased in the HE 0.10%, HE 0.50% and HE 1.00% groups (p < 0.05), while the Cetobacterium content remarkably increased in HE 0.10% and HE 0.50% groups (p < 0.05). Finally, the highest survival rate of fish infected with Aeromonas veronii HZ012 was observed in the group supplemented with 0.50% HE. Collectively, our study revealed that the supplementation of HE at a proportion of 0.10–0.50% could lead to a promotion of growth performance, maintenance of liver and intestinal health, as well as a protective effect against A. veronii infection in largemouth bass.

Effect of vaccination on the course of novel coronavirus infection in young patients

The features of the course of the new coronavirus infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated young patients (aged 18–35 years) were assessed. In total, 111 patients with new coronavirus infection were examined, and they were divided into two groups. The first group included 32 people vaccinated against the new coronavirus infection (21 men and 11 women; average age, 22. 31 ± 5. 04 years), and the second group included 79 unvaccinated people (70 men and 9 women; average age, 20. 76 ± 3. 674 years). A direct dependence of hospitalization time on the presence of vaccination was observed. The average volume of erythrocytes was significantly greater in the vaccinated group than in the unvaccinated group, and the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes was higher in the unvaccinated group, both at disease onset and over time. In addition, in the vaccinated group, the values of inflammatory markers in the blood such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, ferritin, procalcitonin, and D-dimer, increase much faster. According to the results of repeated computed tomography, the unvaccinated group had longer persistence of signs of viral pneumonia. The primary pathology recorded on the electrocardiogram, particularly bradycardia, was more frequently recorded in the unvaccinated group. Overall, most patients, regardless of vaccination, had a mild course of new coronavirus infection. This may indicate a negative dependence of the severity of the new coronavirus infection on the age of the patient. Despite the low risk of developing complications of coronavirus infection at a young age, to prevent and quickly recover from a new coronavirus infection, all age groups are encouraged to receive vaccination, which will reduce the number of hospitalizations, burden on healthcare, and economic costs of medical care.

Morphofunctional and psychophysiological body indicators in monitoring students’ health status, in view of their adjustment to academic environment

Students’ adjustment to higher education process depends largely on the body’s individual features. The student’s physiological and psychological status, as well as the initial motivational setting attitudes are the determining factors. Given this backcloth, the search for ways to improve the health, while aiming at enhancing future qualified specialists’ working and adjustment capacity, appears to be an issue of utmost importance.Material and methods. A longitudinal study involving university students of different years was carried out, through which anthropometric data were evaluated for the same students in their 1st year and then – in their 2nd year of training; the concentration of testosterone and cortisol in saliva, thyroid-stimulating hormone and triiodothyronine in blood serum was measured by ELISA; also, psychophysiological values were estimated through unified questionnaires.Results. The results showed that over the course of education, the students had their hemoglobin concentration, average hemoglobin content in erythrocytes, and leukocyte number decreased. Notable was a significant increase in 3rd year students’ thyroid-stimulating hormone content and a decrease of triiodothyronine and testosterone. A test relying on the Buss – Durkee Hostility Inventory helped to detect an increase in the aggression and suspicion criterion indicators among senior students if matched versus similar values obtained for their freshmen-counterparts.Conclusions. The research outcomes expand the informational and the methodological base required to evaluate an average student’s functional status from the standpoint of a systematic approach and the theory of the norm. Besides, such data will offer an insight into the main mechanisms behind stressinducing, just like stress-limiting, adjustment strategies. This study of the morphofunctional status indicators allows – while within the annual health monitoring approach – identifying the regulatory and the adjustment capacities in students, both at the time they are enrolled as freshmen and further, thus helping predict the potential risk of maladjustment, which, in turn, may serve a useful tool in taking preventive measures, the final goal being to maintain students’ health through their higher education training period.

FREQUENCY OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH FEBRILE SEIZURES

Febrile seizures are a common neurological condition in young children, affecting around 2-5% of those under the age of 5 worldwide. Although they are usually harmless and resolve independently, they can cause significant distress for parents and caregivers. A recent study aimed to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children with febrile seizures to determine whether iron status has an impact on these seizures. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, between January 2022 and January 2023. The study included 115 children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years who had experienced febrile seizures. Detailed clinical histories and blood samples were taken to measure hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, and complete blood counts. The children were divided into two groups based on their iron deficiency anemia status. The study found that 34.8% of the 115 participants had iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and the remaining 65.2% did not have IDA. The IDA group had significantly lower hemoglobin, serum iron, and ferritin levels than the non-IDA group. The average hemoglobin concentration in the IDA group was 9.8 g/dL, while it was 11.2 g/dL in the non-IDA group. The study suggests that a significant percentage of children who experience febrile seizures may also have iron deficiency anemia. This information can be helpful for healthcare providers in managing and treating these children.

Safety and Efficacy of Mitapivat in Adult Patients with Erythrocyte Membranopathies (SATISFY)

Background: Membranopathies encompass hemolytic disorders arising from genetic defects in erythrocyte membrane proteins and include hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDA II) is associated with SEC23B gene variants and its phenotype may be similar to hereditary spherocytosis. Anemia with or without the need for chronic transfusion, jaundice, splenomegaly, iron overload are complications common in both hereditary membranopathies and CDA II. Current treatment options for membranopathies and CDA II 1, apart from splenectomy, are primarily supportive. Mitapivat, an investigational pyruvate kinase-R (PKR) activator, has demonstrated efficacy in improving anemia and reducing hemolysis in adult patients with PK deficiency, thalassemia, sickle cell disease, and a mouse model of hereditary spherocytosis. Study Design and Methods: This study (NCT05935202) is an investigator initiated, prospective, multicenter, single-arm phase 2 trial. The study will be conducted in the European Union in Denmark and The Netherlands. It is the first clinical study in the context of the European Reference Network EuroBloodNet and will be sponsored by its closely associated non-for-profit EuroBloodNet Association. A sibling study in Toronto, Canada will be registered separately, and data will be pooled in a prespecified statistical analysis plan. The study will include approximately twenty-five adult patients (aged 18 years and older) diagnosed with a membranopathy or CDA II. Diagnosis must be confirmed genetically. Average hemoglobin concentration (Hb) must be less than 13.0 g/dL for males and 11.0 g/dL for females. Patients with average Hb &amp;gt;10.0 g/dL for males and females at screening must meet at least one of the following additional criteria: Splenomegaly, fatigue attributed to hemolysis, or paraclinical hemolysis. Adequate organ function is required. Patients cannot be included if they have a diagnosis of PK deficiency or if they have received red blood cell (RBC) transfusions (≥5 units the last 12 months or any within the last 3 months). During the 8-week Dose Escalation Period, subjects will receive an initial dose of 50 mg mitapivat twice daily (BID). Based on safety and changes in Hb levels, dosing may be increased to 100 mg BID at week 4. Patients who tolerate mitapivat may be eligible to continue in two consecutive 24-week Fixed Dose Periods, with an interim analysis in between the two fixed dose periods. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety of mitapivat, assessed through the occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events. Secondary objectives include assessing the effects of mitapivat on Hb concentration (≥1.0 g/dL increase sustained at two scheduled visits), hemolysis, erythropoiesis, patient-reported outcome measures, and spleen size. Exploratory endpoints include enzyme activity and stability of PK, Hb oxygen affinity, proteomics and metabolomics. To assess how activation of PK will impact RBC function we will measure RBC deformability (osmotic gradient ektacytometry and cell membrane stability) in whole blood and in different RBC subpopulations. Acknowledgement: This project is carried out within the framework of European Reference Network on Rare Haematological Diseases (ERN-EuroBloodNet)-Project ID No 101085717. ERN-EuroBloodNet is partly co-funded by the European Union within the framework of the Fourth EU Health Programme. The study is funded by a grant from Agios Pharmaceuticals.

Pilot Testing of a Lightweight, Pulmonary Assist System in an Ambulatory Sheep Model of Destination Therapy Respiratory Support.

A new, lightweight (2.3 kg), ambulatory pulmonary assist system (PAS) underwent preliminary evaluation in ambulatory sheep. The PAS was purposefully designed for long-term extracorporeal respiratory support for chronic lung disease and utilizes a novel, small (0.9 m 2 surface area) gas exchanger, the pulmonary assist device, with a modified Heart Assist 5 pump fitting in a small wearable pack. Prototype PAS were attached to two sheep in venovenous configuration for 7 and 14 days, evaluating ability to remain thrombus free; maintain gas exchange and blood flow resistance; avoid biocompatibility-related complications while allowing safe ambulation. The PAS achieved 1.56 L/min of flow at 10.8 kRPM with a 24 Fr cannula in sheep one and 2.0 L/min at 10.5 kRPM with a 28 Fr cannula in sheep 2 without significant change. Both sheep walked freely, demonstrating the first application of truly ambulatory ECMO in sheep. While in vitro testing evaluated PAS oxygen transfer rates of 104.6 ml/min at 2 L/min blood flow, oxygen transfer rates averaged 60.6 ml/min and 70.6 ml/min in studies 1 and 2, due to average hemoglobin concentrations lower than humans (8.9 and 10.5 g/dl, respectively). The presented cases support uncomplicated ambulation using the PAS.

Biochemical and morphological indicators of blood of cows with subclinical form of mastitis

This study aims to study the biochemical and morphological parameters of the blood of cows with subclinical mastitis. Experimental studies were conducted at Selyana LLC (Kuzbassky village, Kemerovo district, Kemerovo region) in 2021–2022. For this experiment, 12 cows were selected. Animals were divided into experimental (sick) and control (healthy) - 6 goals in each group. Animals were chosen according to the pair-analogues method, considering their live weight, breed, age at calving, milk yield, fat milk content, and physiological state. Body temperature was measured with a mercury thermometer with a scale graduated in Celsius from 34 to 42 ºС. The measurements were carried out for 5 min. The pulse rate was determined on the external maxillary artery for a minute. The number of exhalations calculated the frequency of respiratory movements. The same feeding and maintenance were organised for two groups of animals, i.e., they were in their usual conditions. In animals, after diagnostic tests for mastitis, blood was taken to study biochemical and morphological parameters. In sick animals, hyperproteinemia (87.43±0.82 g/l), low calcium content (87.43±0.82 g/l), and an increase in the level of phosphatase (156.15±0.50 U/l) were noted. In cows with mastitis, the number of leukocytes increased to 14.06 ± 2.29 × 1012/l. The average haemoglobin concentration in the erythrocyte was 27.77±0.43 in the control group and 27.87±0.21 g/dl in the experimental group. When studying the leukogram, the number of monocytes in the control group was 2.23±1.51, and in the group of animals with mastitis - 3.47±1.71%.

ANALISIS KETAHANAN IKAN LELE DUMBO (CLARIAS GARIEPENUS) YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA DENGAN KONSENTRASI BERBEDA

The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of catfish to Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria, and to know the blood picture of catfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The method used in this study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) or Competely Randomized Design (CRD) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) with 4 (four) treatments and one control each with 3 replications. The results showed that catfish had a strong susceptibility or resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The Lethal Dose value of 50 was 106 cfu/ml, meaning that Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria was able to kill 50% of the catfish population when it was 5.4 x106 cfu/ml. The lowest average red blood cell count was in treatment A, which was 23.89x106 cells/mm3 and the highest in treatment D, which was around 37.5x106 cells/mm3, while the highest and lowest mean total leukocyte counts were 43.07-82.72x103 cells/mm3, still within the range of values. normal. The average hemoglobin concentration was lower than the normal value range in treatment A, which was 6.52 gr% and in treatment D, it was around 12.42 gr%

EFFECTS OF IMIDOPYRAN AND PREDNISONE IN THE TREATMENT OF BABESIOSIOSIS-ASSOCIATED ANEMIA IN DOGS

Aim. To investigate the development and treatment with imidopyran and prednisolone of hemolytic anemia in dogs caused by the protozoan parasite Babesia canis. Methods. 17 domestic dogs weighing 5-10 kg aged 2-5 years were used for the study. The parameters of the general blood analysis were determined using the MicroCC-20 Plus automated hematology analyzer (HTI, USA). Microscopy with a Leica DM4 electric microscope (Germany) was carried out to study the condition of erythrocytes, counting the number of leukocytes and platelets. Results. The main indicator of the development of anemia in animals is the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Development of babesiosis lead to the hemolytic anemia investigated in dogs before treatment: the number of erythrocytes lower than normal by 20-30%, the level of hemoglobin 40-55%, the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes 10- 18%, hematocrit 20-30% and the number of platelets 40-50%. Conclusions. The results of the study showed that treatment with imidopyran and prednisolone is effective in cases of babesiosis for dogs caused by the protozoan parasite Babesia canis. Moreover, such treatment decreases the risks of the anemic state development for these animals.

Influence of injectable vitamin complexes on blood morpho-biochemical composition and dynamics of live weight growth in calves

The paper evaluates the effect of various vitamin preparations on the morphobiochemical composition of blood and the dynamics of body weight gain in calves. For this purpose, the first group of young animals (n=10) was injected once every 14 days four times intramuscularly with the vitamin complex "Oligovit", the second group (n=10) with 4 ml of the drug "Aquiton" in a similar mode, the third – "Asidivit" with 6 ml, the fourth group of animals was a control (without treatments). It was found that calves treated with oligovit had a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (by 27.9%; P&lt;0.05), concentrations of inorganic phosphorus (by 14.7%; P&gt;&lt;0.05), erythrocytes (by 27.4%; P&gt;&lt;0.01) and hematocrit (by 26.8%; P&gt;&lt;0.05), with an increase in the hemoglobin content in erythrocytes (by 35.2%; P&gt;&lt;0.01). Treatment of young animals with aquiton was accompanied by a decrease in phosphorus concentration (by 25.3%; P&gt;&lt;0.001), iron level (by 75.5%; P&gt;&lt;0.05), hematocrit (by 23.7%; P&gt;&lt;0.05), an increase in the calcium-phosphorus coefficient (by 22.0%; P&gt;&lt;0.001) and the concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (29.7%; P&gt;&lt;0.01). Treatment with asidivit contributed to a decrease in the average volume of red blood cells (by 5.8%; P&gt;&lt;0.05) and an increase in the average concentration of hemoglobin in the&gt;˂0.05), concentrations of inorganic phosphorus (by 14.7%; P˂0.05), erythrocytes (by 27.4%; P˂0.01) and hematocrit (by 26.8%; P˂0.05), with an increase in the hemoglobin content in erythrocytes (by 35.2%; P˂0.01). Treatment of young animals with aquiton was accompanied by a decrease in phosphorus concentration (by 25.3%; P˂0.001), iron level (by 75.5%; P˂0.05), hematocrit (by 23.7%; P˂0.05), an increase in the calcium-phosphorus coefficient (by 22.0%; P˂0.001) and the concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (29.7%; P˂0.01). Treatment with asidivit contributed to a decrease in the average volume of red blood cells (by 5.8%; P˂0.05) and an increase in the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (by 19.3%; P˂0.05). In the control group of animals, there was an increase in globulins (by 32.0%; P˂0.05), an increase in the concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (by 21.8%; P˂0.05), with a decrease in the level of iron in the blood serum (by 62.9%; P˂0.05). The largest weight gain was obtained in calves treated with oligovite (226.0±29.0), and the smallest in the control group of animals (171.4±27.5).

Features of anemia syndrome in women with endometrial hyperplasia working under the influence of organic solvents and depending on obesity

Introduction. Organic solvents have a hematotoxic effect, which leads to the development of anemia. Endometrial hyperplasia may also be the cause of a decrease in blood hemoglobin levels. The phenotype of anemia in combination of these diseases is still insufficiently studied. Exposure to organic solvents is associated with a carcinogenic risk, while their role in the development of precancerous conditions is little known.&#x0D; The study aims to research the features of anemia in patients with endometrial hyperplasia under the influence of organic solvents and depending on the obesity factor.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The design of the study is a single–center, single-stage observational. The researchers formed 2 groups of women with endometrial hyperplasia confirmed by histological examination, who worked under conditions of exposure to organic solvents (n=140, the main group, 70 of them obese according to WHO criteria) or who had no health risks (n=140, the comparison group, 68 of them obese). The patients of the main group are painters at a machine-building enterprise. Organic solvents concentrations at the workplace air were 1.2–5.0 times above occupational exposure limits, length of service was 21.5 (18; 28) years.&#x0D; Results. Scientists have registered anemia in 72.9% of obese workers, 54.2% of non-obese workers, 33.8% and 25.0% of patients in the comparison group with obesity and normal body weight, respectively, χ2=8.2, p=0.008. In contact with organic solvents, 60.7% of patients had anemia normal- or macrocytic, normal- or hyperchromic, hyporegenerative. In the subgroup of obesity and atypical endometrial hyperplasia, we have watched the minimum values of hemoglobin — 95 (90; 105) g/l and reticulocytes — 1 (0.5; 2), the maximum values of the average erythrocyte volume — 98 (92; 107) fl and the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte — 35(34; 38) pg. The researchers have determined the association of this variant of anemia with atypical endometrial hyperplasia by logistic regression, OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.08–5.85, p=0.033. In comparison group, all patients had iron-deficiency anemia.&#x0D; Limitations. The limitations of the study are related to the recruitment of patients in one center.&#x0D; Conclusion. Anemia in women with endometrial hyperplasia in conditions of organic solvents exposure is normo- or hyperchormic, normo- or macrocytic, hyporegenerative, most prominent in patients with obesity, and associated with atypical histological type of the disease.&#x0D; Ethics. The authors have carried out the study in compliance with the Ethical principles of conducting scientific medical research with human participation, set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association and in accordance with the Ethical norms and rules provided for by the Bulletin of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 3 of 2002 "On the procedure for conducting biomedical research in humans". The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health.

Seasonal changes in blood rheology in little ground squirrels.

The annual cycle of small ground squirrels (Spermophilus pygmaeus) consists of 2 periods: wakefulness (spring-autumn) and hibernation (winter). During the active period, ground squirrels breed (spring), accumulate fat reserves (summer) and prepare for hibernation (autumn). We suppose that the rheological properties of blood and the deformability of erythrocytes can change in different seasons of the animal's wakefulness period to adequately provide tissues with oxygen. The aim of this study was to identify possible adaptive changes in erythrocyte deformability and erythrocyte indices in ground squirrels during their active period. The deformability of erythrocytes was studied by ektacytometry in an osmotic gradient. It was found that in spring, after the arousal of ground squirrels, erythrocytes have the highest deformability (El_max), hydration (O_hyper), water permeability (El_min) and osmotic stability (∆O). In summer, compared with spring, the deformability of erythrocytes decreases, and the average volume of erythrocytes (MCV) also decreases. In autumn, before hibernation, the integral deformability of erythrocytes, their hydration, as well as the range of osmotic stability of erythrocytes increases relative to the summer period. In summer and autumn, in contrast to spring, the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCHC) increases. At low shear stress (1 Pa) in summer and autumn, osmoscan becomes a pronounced polymodal form, indicating a change in the viscoelastic properties of ground squirrel erythrocyte membranes. Thus, for the first time, we discovered seasonal variability in the deformability of ground squirrel erythrocytes, which is consistent with the spring-summer activity of animals and preparation for hibernation.

Hematological Parameters in Hair Goats During and out of Breeding Season Hair Goats Seasonal Hematological Parameters

Background: The hair goat of Anatolia is a breed that has adapted to rugged and mountainous areas and is known to be very resistant to diseases. As the world faces the problem of climate change, we believe that knowing the hematological characteristics of hair goats will provide great benefits for goat breeding. Objectives: This study was performed to determine possible differences in the blood parameters of adult (male and female) hair goats during and out of the breeding season. Methods: For this purpose, blood samples were taken from clinically healthy adult male and female hair goats (n=36, 3-4 years old) in the spring and autumn seasons. Regarding the whole blood, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), mean red blood cell hemoglobin (MCH), average red blood cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) values were determined. Results: In the study, MCV values in males were not significantly (P≥0.05) different between spring and autumn, while all other parameters showed significant differences (P≤0.05). In females, WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, and RDW blood values were higher in the autumn (estrus period) than in the spring (anestrus period), and the differences were found to be significant (P≤0.05). Comparing males and females between the estrus and anestrus seasons, WBC and MCHC were found to be significantly different (P≤0.05) between males and females in May. In contrast, the difference between other parameters was not significant. In October (estrus season), the MCV value was not significantly different between males and females; however, all other parameters were significantly different (P≤0.05). Conclusion: As a result, there were significant differences in hematological parameters of hair goats based on gender and the breeding season.

Comparative assessment of different methods of studying skin toxicity of powder for wounds

The article provides data on the comparative assessment of the study of acute and subacute dermal toxicity of powder for wounds made based on iodoform by various methods. The research was conducted using the classic method and according to the methodology of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD No. 410). When studying acute skin toxicity using the traditional method, it was established that the drug under study belongs to the IV toxicity class (low-toxic substances) and, when determined by the way according to the UGS (GHS) – to category 5. During long-term dermal application of powder for wounds, no significant changes in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes (MCHC), the average volume of erythrocytes (MCV), the average content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes (MCH) and several platelets were established by the classical method. In addition, a slight increase in creatinine, urea, and the activity of ALT and AST was established against a slight decrease in the total protein content. When studying the acute toxicity of powder for wounds following the OECD method No. 410, it was confirmed that long-term dermal application of the investigated agent caused a slight increase in the weight coefficients of the liver, heart, and spleen and a probable increase in the weight coefficients of the kidneys against the background of a decrease in the body weight of animals. Also, in animals of all experimental groups, the number of erythrocytes increased by 0.6 %, 5.1 %, and 10.5 % (Р &lt; 0.05), respectively, and the number of leukocytes decreased by 15.9 % (Р &lt; 0.05), 21.8 % (Р &lt; 0.05), 23.4 % (Р &lt; 0.05), mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) by 2.4 %, 4.2 %, 9.2 % (Р &lt; 0,05). When determining the biochemical indicators of blood serum, it was established that using the research product for 28 days caused a slight decrease in the total protein content in animals of the I, II, and III research groups. In addition, the animals of all experimental groups showed an increase in the level of creatinine, respectively, by – 10.6 % (Р &lt; 0.05), 13.3 % (Р &lt; 0.05), 15.4 % (Р &lt; 0.05), urea at – 3.3 %, 7.3 % (Р &lt; 0.05), 12.6 % (Р &lt; 0.05).

Morphology of the blood of dairy goats in the summer

In order to evaluate the health of animals, clinical and hematological indicators of various breeds of goats are being increasingly studied. The purpose of the research was to carry out a comparative evaluation of some morphological indicators of blood in dairy goats in the summer period. A comparative assessment of the morphological parameters of the blood of goats of Saanen, Czech and Gorky breeds during the summer period of housing under the conditions of the Altai Territory has been presented in the article, in order to determine the functional dynamics of the vital activity of the organism. Regardless of breed the season of the year has a signifi cant impact on changes in metabolism: the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin content, value of hematocrit and the total amount of circulating blood in goats. Analysis of the parameters of erythrocytes of goats of diff erent breeds in the studied groups showed that the maximum values were in the goats of Saanen breed – 11,89±0,89 ×1012/l, in comparison with the goats of Czech and Gorky breeds – 9,03±1,32 and 10,36±2,03 ×1012/l, respectively. The average volume of erythrocytes of the studied goats was 15,73±1,19 fl in the Gorky breed, which was more than in goats of Saanen (14,63±0,55 fl ) and Czech breeds (14,70±0,30 fl ) by 7,52 and 7,01 %, respectively. The hemoglobin in the studied goats of Czech breed was below the normal limit by 7,9 %. The average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte in the studied breeds of dairy goats ranged from 8,13±0,38 p/g (Czech breed) to 8,93±0,87 p/g (Gorky breed), which slightly exceeded the upper limit of the norm. The highest hematological indicators were observed in lactating goats of Saanen breed, this causes a greater adaptability of this breed to breeding conditions in the Altai Territory.

The dermal toxicity of an antiseptic preparation as determined by the different research methods

The article presents the results of the study of acute and subacute skin toxicity of an antiseptic ointment based on ichthyol. The research was conducted using the classic method and according to the methodology of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD No. 410). The study of the dermal toxicity of the product under study by the classic method showed that long-term use of the drug in animals of the experimental groups did not cause significant changes in the concentration of hemoglobin, the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, the value of hematocrit, the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCHC), the average volume of the erythrocyte (MCV), the average content of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCH) and the number of platelets, the content of total protein, the level of creatinine and the activity of AST. The study of skin toxicity of the product under study according to the OECD method No. 410 showed that the number of erythrocytes increased in the animals of the I, II, and III research groups, respectively, by – 10.7 (Р &lt; 0.01), 6.0 (Р &lt; 0.05), and 7.5 % (Р &lt; 0.05). At the same time, the concentration of hemoglobin did not change. In addition, in the animals of the I and II experimental groups, a tendency towards an increase in hematocrit was established. In the animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups, changes in the erythrocyte index were noted; in particular, a probable decrease in the average content of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCH) was established, respectively by – 5.2 (P &lt; 0.05), 5.2 (P &lt; 0.01) and 7.1 % (P &lt; 0.001) of the average erythrocyte volume (MCV), respectively by – 6.9 (P &lt; 0.01), 5.5 % (P &lt; 0.01) and 7.2 % (P &lt; 0.001). The use of the drug in a therapeutic dose caused a slight decrease in the level of total protein, urea, and creatinine against a slight increase in the activity of AST and ALT. At the same time, the animals of the II and III research groups, which received the drug under investigation at five times and ten times the therapeutic dose, noted an increase in the level of urea, respectively, by – 3.3 and 8.5 %, and creatinine, respectively, by – 1.9 and 8.0 % (P &lt; 0.05), the activity of AST, respectively, by – 2.3 and 3.2 %, and ALT, respectively, by – 10.4 (P &lt; 0.05) and 13.4 % (Р &lt; 0.05) compared to the values of animals of the control group.